Interface PArray

All Superinterfaces:
Array
All Known Subinterfaces:
BitArray, ByteArray, CharArray, DoubleArray, FloatArray, IntArray, LongArray, MutableBitArray, MutableByteArray, MutableCharArray, MutableDoubleArray, MutableFloatArray, MutableIntArray, MutableLongArray, MutablePArray, MutablePFixedArray, MutablePFloatingArray, MutablePIntegerArray, MutablePNumberArray, MutableShortArray, PFixedArray, PFloatingArray, PIntegerArray, PNumberArray, ShortArray, UpdatableBitArray, UpdatableByteArray, UpdatableCharArray, UpdatableDoubleArray, UpdatableFloatArray, UpdatableIntArray, UpdatableLongArray, UpdatablePArray, UpdatablePFixedArray, UpdatablePFloatingArray, UpdatablePIntegerArray, UpdatablePNumberArray, UpdatableShortArray
All Known Implementing Classes:
AbstractBitArray, AbstractByteArray, AbstractCharArray, AbstractDoubleArray, AbstractFloatArray, AbstractIntArray, AbstractLongArray, AbstractShortArray, AbstractUpdatableBitArray, AbstractUpdatableByteArray, AbstractUpdatableCharArray, AbstractUpdatableDoubleArray, AbstractUpdatableFloatArray, AbstractUpdatableIntArray, AbstractUpdatableLongArray, AbstractUpdatableShortArray

public interface PArray extends Array

AlgART array of primitive elements (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float or double), read-only access.

Any class implementing this interface must implement one of BitArray, CharArray, ByteArray, ShortArray, IntArray, LongArray, FloatArray, DoubleArray subinterfaces.

Author:
Daniel Alievsky
  • Method Details

    • bitsPerElement

      long bitsPerElement()
      Return the number of memory bits occupied by every element of this array. The amount of memory used by the array can be estimated as Array.capacity()*bitsPerElement()/8 bytes (when the array capacity is large enough).

      If the number of occupied bits is not defined (for example, may depend on JVM implementation), this method returns -1.

      For implementations from this package, this method returns:

      (-1 result is never returned by implementations from this package.)

      Please keep in mind that the real amount of occupied memory, theoretically, can differ from the value returned by this method. For example, some JVM, theoretically, may store byte elements of byte[] array in 32-bit memory words. In this case, this method will return invalid result for byte arrays created by the simple memory model. However: we guarantee the results of this method are always correct for arrays created by the buffer memory model and large memory model.

      There is a guarantee that this method works very quickly (usually it just returns a constant or a value of some private field).

      Returns:
      the number of bytes occupied by every element of this array, or -1 if it cannot be determined.
      See Also:
    • minPossibleValue

      double minPossibleValue(double valueForFloatingPoint)
      Returns 0 for BitArray, ByteArray, CharArray and ShortArray, Integer.MIN_VALUE for IntArray, Long.MIN_VALUE for LongArray, valueForFloatingPoint for FloatArray and DoubleArray. For fixed-point arrays it is the minimal possible value, that can stored in elements of this array (byte and short elements are interpreted as unsigned). This method is equivalent to minPossibleValue(thisArray.getClass(), valueForFloatingPoint).
      Parameters:
      valueForFloatingPoint - the value returned for floating-point array type.
      Returns:
      the minimal possible value, that can stored in elements of this array, if it is a fixed-point array, or the argument for floating-point arrays.
      See Also:
    • maxPossibleValue

      double maxPossibleValue(double valueForFloatingPoint)
      Returns 1 for BitArray, 0xFF for ByteArray, 0xFFFF for CharArray and ShortArray, Integer.MAX_VALUE for IntArray, Long.MAX_VALUE for LongArray, valueForFloatingPoint for FloatArray and DoubleArray. For fixed-point arrays it is the maximal possible value, that can stored in elements of this array (byte and short elements are interpreted as unsigned). This method is equivalent to maxPossibleValue(thisArray.getClass(), valueForFloatingPoint).
      Parameters:
      valueForFloatingPoint - the value returned for floating-point array type.
      Returns:
      the maximal possible value, that can stored in elements of this array, if it is a fixed-point array, or the argument for floating-point arrays.
      See Also:
    • getDouble

      double getDouble(long index)
      Returns the element #index converted to double: (double)(value&0xFF) for byte value, (double)(value&0xFFFF) for short value, (double)value for int, long, float, double, char values, or value?1.0:0.0 for boolean values. Please note that this method returns unsigned values for byte and short arrays. Returned value contains full information stored in the element, excepting a case of very large long elements.
      Parameters:
      index - index of element to get.
      Returns:
      the element at the specified position in this array.
      Throws:
      IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index out of range 0..length()-1.
      See Also:
    • indexOf

      long indexOf(long lowIndex, long highIndex, double value)
      Returns the minimal index k, so that lowIndex<=k<min(highIndex,thisArray.length()) and getDouble(k)==value, or -1 if there is no such array element.

      In particular, if lowIndex>=thisArray.length()} or lowIndex>=highIndex, this method returns -1, and if lowIndex<0, the result is the same as if lowIndex==0.

      You may specify lowIndex=0 and highIndex=Long.MAX_VALUE to search through all array elements.

      Parameters:
      lowIndex - the low index in the array for search (inclusive).
      highIndex - the high index in the array for search (exclusive).
      value - the value to be found.
      Returns:
      the index of the first occurrence of this value in this array in range lowIndex<=index<highIndex, or -1 if this value does not occur in this range.
    • lastIndexOf

      long lastIndexOf(long lowIndex, long highIndex, double value)
      Returns the maximal index k, so that highIndex>k>=max(lowIndex,0) and getDouble(k)==value, or -1 if there is no such array element.

      In particular, if highIndex<=0 or highIndex<=lowIndex, this method returns -1, and if highIndex>=thisArray.length(), the result is the same as if highIndex==thisArray.length().

      You may specify lowIndex=0 and highIndex=Long.MAX_VALUE to search through all array elements.

      Parameters:
      lowIndex - the low index in the array for search (inclusive).
      highIndex - the high index in the array for search (exclusive).
      value - the value to be found.
      Returns:
      the index of the last occurrence of this value in this array in range lowIndex<=index<highIndex, or -1 if this value does not occur in this range.
    • isZeroFilled

      boolean isZeroFilled()
      Returns true if all elements of this array are zero (false for boolean[] array, (char)0 for char[]). Returns false if at least one of elements of this array is non-zero.

      For arrays of floating-point types (PFloatingArray), this method considers that +0.0==-0.0: both values are considered to be zero.

      If the length of this array is 0 (the array is empty), returns true.

      This method usually requires some time for execution, because it checks all array elements.

      Returns:
      true if and only if all elements of this array are zero, or if this array is empty.
    • type

      Class<? extends PArray> type()
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns the canonical AlgART type of this array: the class of one of 9 basic interfaces, describing all kinds of AlgART arrays for 8 primitive and any non-primitive element types. More precisely, returns:

      There is a guarantee that this method works very quickly (usually it just returns a constant value).

      Specified by:
      type in interface Array
      Returns:
      canonical AlgART type of this array.
    • updatableType

      Class<? extends UpdatablePArray> updatableType()
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns the canonical updatable AlgART type of arrays with the same element types: the class of one of 9 basic interfaces, describing all kinds of updatable AlgART arrays for 8 primitive and any non-primitive element types. More precisely, returns:

      There is a guarantee that this method works very quickly (usually it just returns a constant value).

      Specified by:
      updatableType in interface Array
      Returns:
      canonical AlgART type of an updatable array of the same kind.
    • mutableType

      Class<? extends MutablePArray> mutableType()
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns the canonical resizable AlgART type of arrays with the same element types: the class of one of 9 basic interfaces, describing all kinds of resizable AlgART arrays for 8 primitive and any non-primitive element types. More precisely, returns:

      There is a guarantee that this method works very quickly (usually it just returns a constant value).

      Specified by:
      mutableType in interface Array
      Returns:
      canonical AlgART type of a resizable array of the same kind.
    • asImmutable

      PArray asImmutable()
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns an immutable view of this array. If this array is already immutable (i.e. Array.isImmutable() is true), returns a reference to this object.

      A array is considered to be immutable, if there are no ways to modify its content or state with help of this instance. In particular, immutable arrays never implement UpdatableArray or DirectAccessible interfaces. Moreover, any third-party implementation of Array interface must return an instance of a class, which has no methods or fields allowing to change this instance.

      Query operations on the returned array "read through" to this array. The returned view is also unresizable (see UpdatableArray.asUnresizable()).

      The returned view (when it is not a reference to this object) contains the same elements as this array, but independent length, start offset, capacity, copy-on-next-write and possible other information about array characteristics besides its elements, as for Array.shallowClone() method. If modifications of this array characteristics lead to reallocation of the internal storage, then the returned array ceases to be a view of this array. The only possible reasons for reallocation are the following: calling MutableArray.length(long), MutableArray.ensureCapacity(long) or MutableArray.trim() methods for this array, or any modification of this or returned array in a case when this array is copy-on-next-write.

      By default, the array factories (memory models) create mutable arrays, but they can be converted to immutable by this method.

      Note: Array.isNew() method, called for the result of this method, always returns false — because it does not implement UpdatableArray.

      Also note: Array.isNewReadOnlyView() method, called for the result of this method, always returns the same value as Array.isNewReadOnlyView() for this object. Really,

      Specified by:
      asImmutable in interface Array
      Returns:
      an immutable view of this array (or a reference to this array if it is already immutable).
      See Also:
    • asTrustedImmutable

      PArray asTrustedImmutable()
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns a trusted immutable view of this array. If this array is already trusted immutable, returns a reference to this object.

      A array is considered to be "trusted" immutable, if it potentially can change its elements, but the Java code working with this array promises that it will not change them. The returned instance never implements UpdatableArray, but may implement DirectAccessible, that allow quick access to its elements. As for usual immutable view, query operations on the returned array "read through" to this array.

      The only standard way allowing to change elements of returned array is using DirectAccessible.javaArray() method, in a case when the array is backed by an accessible array. But the Java code, processing the trusted immutable array, must use this method only for quick reading elements and not try to change them. If, despite the promise, the elements of the trusted immutable array will be changed, the UnallowedMutationError may be thrown by the call of Array.checkUnallowedMutation() method.

      In some implementations — for example, if DirectAccessible interface is not supported by this array — this method may return the same result as Array.asImmutable().

      The returned view is always unresizable.

      The returned view (when it is not a reference to this object) contains the same elements as this array, but independent length, start offset, capacity, copy-on-next-write and possible other information about array characteristics besides its elements, as for Array.shallowClone() method. If modifications of this array characteristics lead to reallocation of the internal storage, then the returned array ceases to be a view of this array. The only possible reasons for reallocation are the following: calling MutableArray.length(long), MutableArray.ensureCapacity(long) or MutableArray.trim() methods for this array, or any modification of this or returned array in a case when this array is copy-on-next-write.

      Trusted immutable view is a compromise between absolute safety, provided by usual immutable view, and maximal efficiency, achieved while using the original non-protected array. Please see the package description to learn more about possible usage of this method.

      Specified by:
      asTrustedImmutable in interface Array
      Returns:
      a trusted immutable view of this array (or a reference to this array if it is already trusted immutable).
      See Also:
    • mutableClone

      MutablePArray mutableClone(MemoryModel memoryModel)
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns a mutable resizable copy of this array. This method is equivalent to the following code:
       memoryModel.newArray(thisArray).copy(thisArray);
       

      Please note: this method is a good choice for cloning little arrays (thousands, maybe millions elements). If you clone large arrays by this method, the user, in particular, has no ways to view the progress of copying or to interrupt copying. To clone large arrays, we recommend the following code:

       MutableArray clone = memoryModel.newArray(thisArray);
       Arrays.copy(someContext, clone, a);
       
      Specified by:
      mutableClone in interface Array
      Parameters:
      memoryModel - the memory model, used for allocation a new copy of this array.
      Returns:
      a mutable copy of this array.
      See Also:
    • updatableClone

      UpdatablePArray updatableClone(MemoryModel memoryModel)
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Returns an unresizable updatable copy of this array. This method is equivalent to the following code:
       memoryModel.newUnresizableArray(thisArray).copy(thisArray);
       

      Please note: this method is a good choice for cloning little arrays (thousands, maybe millions elements). If you clone large arrays by this method, the user, in particular, has no ways to view the progress of copying or to interrupt copying. To clone large arrays, we recommend the following code:

       UpdatableArray clone = memoryModel.newUnresizableArray(thisArray);
       Arrays.copy(someContext, clone, a);
       
      Specified by:
      updatableClone in interface Array
      Parameters:
      memoryModel - the memory model, used for allocation a new copy of this array.
      Returns:
      an updatable copy of this array.
      See Also:
    • matrix

      default Matrix<? extends PArray> matrix(long... dim)
      Description copied from interface: Array
      Equivalent to matrix(thisArray, dim).
      Specified by:
      matrix in interface Array
      Parameters:
      dim - the matrix dimensions.
      Returns:
      new matrix backed by array with the given dimensions.
    • jaByte

      default byte[] jaByte()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof ByteArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toByteJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toByteJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of byte[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard byte[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to byte type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    • jaShort

      default short[] jaShort()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof ShortArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toShortJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toShortJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of short[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard short[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to short type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    • jaInt

      default int[] jaInt()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof IntArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toIntJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toIntJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of int[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard int[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to int type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    • jaLong

      default long[] jaLong()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof LongArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toLongJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toLongJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of long[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard long[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to long type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    • jaFloat

      default float[] jaFloat()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof FloatArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toFloatJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toFloatJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of float[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard float[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to float type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    • jaDouble

      default double[] jaDouble()
      Equivalent to the following expression: thisObject instanceof DoubleArray a ? a.ja() : Arrays.toDoubleJavaArray(thisObject).

      This method may be used instead of Arrays.toDoubleJavaArray(PArray), if you need maximally quick access to this data in a form of double[] array and there is high probability that this AlgART array is a wrapper for standard double[] array.

      Be careful: this method is potentially unsafe! The main purpose of this method is to quickly access array data for reading. But it also allows you to modify this data, and the result of such modification is unpredictable: this may change the original AlgART array, but may also not change. Typically you should not attempt to modify the Java array returned by this method; this helps to avoid difficult bugs.

      Returns:
      Java array containing all the elements in this array, cast to double type according to AlgART rules.
      Throws:
      TooLargeArrayException - if the array length is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE.